Stove



' 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. H. IRWIN.

Stove.

226,520. Patented Apri|13,18so.

y lmmmnunwuwm g lllllll ll a www 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. H. IRWIN. Stove.

No. 226,520. Patented April 13,1880.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

.IoIIN HENRY IRWIN, 0E MoRToN, PENNSYLVANIA.

ST'OVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 226,520, dated April13, 1880.

Application filed August S, 1879.

To all whom fit may concern Beit known that I, J oHN H. IRWIN, ofMorton, in the county of Delaware and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Stoves for Cookin g or HeatingPurposes, especially adapted to those stoves which employ liquid orgaseous hydrocarbon for fuel.

For convenience, the following description will be confined to anapparatus in which liquid hydrocarbon is employed as fuel; but, as willbe apparent, the same principles of structure and operation will beequally applicable and equally effective when fuels of otherdescriptions are employed.

In all stoves wherein liquid hydrocarbon is employed as fuel it hasheretofore been impossible to prevent the flame from giving off jets ofsmoke under certain conditions, and those jets of smoke are not onlyunpleasant and objectionable in themselves, but they taint the foodwhich is being cooked, especially in the oven, and are an actual wasteof fuel. These jets of smoke are the result of atmospheric disturbancesacting upon the air-currents passing to the ame and supportingcombustion, and are the distinct result of a deficient supply of air andimperfect combustion. They are caused by disturbances and currents inthe adjacent atmosphere, as when the stove is exposed to motion or towind, or when bodies in the vicinity are moved rapidly, and by thedisturbance of the escaping currents by the sudden movement of theovendoor, or the stove-furniture, plates, &c. In fact, any cause whicheffects a disturbance of the air-currents within or adjacent to thestove will produce the objectionable effects above mentioned.

In practice, however, these causes of disturbance are susceptible ofseparate treatment.

The purpose of my invention is to prevent these objectionable effects byapplying to the combustion-chamber and oven of a stove devices whichwill control the atmospheric currents when disturbed and compel them toaid and facilitate combustion and never to retard it, so that whetherthe stove shall be exposed to motion itself, or to wind, or to localatmospheric currents caused by the moving of the stove-furniture orbodies in the vicinity, the

air-currents which support combustion will be accelerated and the amewill not be caused to smoke.

The purpose of my invention is, in general terms, effected by a systemof counterbalancing air-currents conducted through conduits or air-tubeswith injectors and ejectors, such as have heretofore been invented andsecured nation, although the same general principles,

chemical and mechanical, are involved in both.

Disturbances arising from the motion of the oven-door, cooking-utensils,Ste., do not, hoW- ever, require for their correction the presence ofinjectors and ejectors, because, whereas the effect of such movementheretofore has been entirely toretard the escape of the products ofcombustion, With my improvement such movements have an effect toaccelerate such escape through the action ofthe counterbalancingair-tubes.

My invention also includes various matter of structural detail, whichwill be particularly pointed out hereinafter.

Having now set forth the nature and scope of my invention, I willdescribemore particularly how it may be put into effective operation forthe purposes named, having reference to the accompanying drawings,wherein- Figure lis a perspective View of a cookingstove constructedaccording to my invention. Fig. 2 is a Vertical section of the same.Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are modifications illustrating certain differences inthe mode of construction with reference to the conduits for the enteringair, but without reference to any other part, and without introducingany variation in the mode of operation.

A is an oil pot or reservoir, which, in portable stoves, will bepreferably placed in the base, as shown; but for larger and perma- IOOnently-placed stoves the reservoir may be at a distance, and the liquidfuel may be conducted to the burners by means of pipes. B isa burner setupon said oil-pot, or' receiving oil from the reservoir wherever it maybe located. Combustion takes place in said burner in the usual way. D isa draft-chimney placed above said burner for the purpose of inducing asufficient supply of air to ow to the flame. E is thesupportingframe-work about and above the top of the chimney, to supportthe cooking-utensils, 815e. These parts are, in general terms, common toall stoves of this class; but their particular structure is not the samein all respects as in other stoves, and their relations with the devicesinvented-,by me for the purpose stated are entirely new.

It is now well known that the continuous maintenance of combustion in aburner for liquid hydrocarbon under all conditions of disturbancerequires that the air to support combustion shall be received ata pointso near to and in such communication with the outlet for the products ofcombustion that both influx and efliux shall be equally affected by anyeX- ternal atmospheric disturbance, and the supply of air to the iiamewill be accelerated thereby, though I an inferior arrangement ofair-inlets nearer to the level of the dame may be used with tolerablesuccess in overcoming some of the external atmospheric disturbances. Itherefore place the cone b of the burner B upon the roof of theair-chamber F, which is so located as to surround the burner B. All theair which enters the cone bto support combustion is therefore receivedfrom said airchamber, and the top of the oil-pot is thereby kept cool.

The air which enters the air-chamber is received through air conduits ortubes, which extend from the air-chamber F upward to the immediatevicinity of the Outlet of the chimney D.

I prefer to construct with the frame E a chamber, H, to receive theproducts of combustion from the chimney and the fresh air from outside.

Round the edge of the chamber H, or at convenient points, openings aremade in said chamber H to admit fresh air for the feedingtube, and saidopenings may be provided with injecting and ejecting devices, wherebyexterior air-currents areinduced to enter said chamber and the productsof combustion are induced to escape, though for themere purpose ofneutralizing the disturbance from the movements of the oven-door orfurniture of the stove these injectors and ejectors are not required.The holes e c, armed with deectingplates f, are intended for thispurpose, though the particular arrangement' ot' the inlets and of theinjectors and ejectors may be so greatly varied that I do not proposeherein to enumerate them all, but to reserve the right to make specialstructural arrangements of them the subjects of other patents.

' The air-conduit may be annular or othering devices may be placed uponthe tube G,

as at g, if desired.

In the drawings two varieties of injecting and ejecting devices areshown, merely by way of illustration. In Figs. l, 2, 4 a complete andperfect injector and ejector is shown at g upon the tube G. A similarperfect injector, annular as to the chamber H, is shown1 in Fig. 3 at h.In Figs. l and 2 a more simple form of injector is shown at j', andeither Jt'orm may be continuous or in sections, according as the openingis continuous or in series.

The chimney Dis provided with a jacket, d, attached to said chimney atits lower end and to the bottom plate of the chamber H at its upper end,so that said chimney is suspended and supported within said jacket fromabove, and at its lower end it does' not touch the cone b, and thereforeno heat is transmitted from said chimney to said cone. The interveningspace, however, is adjusted to admit that volume of air which ought tobe admitted above the cone B.

The jacket d prevents a loss of radiant heat from the hot chimney byinclosing a body of air which is in connection with the air within thechamber H, and therefore in active circulation therewith. The upperplate, E, or frame of the chamber H is provided with openings to admitthe cooking-utensils, and suitable covers are provided for saidopenings.

Any desired number of burners B, with their IOO chimneys, and arequisite number of air-conduits Within the injectors and ejectors, maybe associated in a single structure to constitute a stove; but forordinary purposes a stove with three burners is best adapted, and whenplaced equidistant from each other it admits of the use of an oven overone burner Without in any way interfering with the independentemployment of the other burners for other purposes. Such' a structure isshown in Fig. 1. rIhe ordinary oven employed with hydrocarbon and gasstoves may be employed, as shown at J, Fig. l.

In Fig. 5 the air-conduit is represented as annular to the chimney D.

Having described my invention,whatI cla-im as new is- 1. A lamp having aburner, B, provided with a slotted cone, and an air-chamber, F, whichdelivers air beneath said cone only, and

an air conduit or tubes to convey air to said ISO chamber to thevicinity of the outlet of said chimney.

3. A stove for heating and cooking purposes having a top provided withone or more holes for the reception of cooking-utensils, combined withone or more burners and chimneys, and an air-chamber, F, below theslotted cones of said burners, and which delivers air to the ame only,air conduits or tubes, and devices for injecting' and ejecting air intosaid air-chamber and out from said chimney', respectixvely,substantially for the purpose set forth.

4. A stove for heating and cooking purposes with a top provided with oneor more holes for the reception of cooking-utensils, combined withburner B and chimney D, and with the air chamber F, and air conduits ortubes provided with injectors and ejectors to inject air into theconduit and eject air from the chimney, respectively, as set forth.

5. A stove for heating and cooking purposes having alchamber, H, at thetop, provided with holes for the reception of cooking-utensils, andholes e, armed with injecting and ejecting devices around their edges,combined with the burner B, with its chimney D, and with the air-chamberF, and air tube or tubes Gr, connecting said air chamber with thechamber H, as set forth.

6. In a stove for heating or cooking purposes, a chamber, Il, at thetop, having holes for the reception of cooking-utensils, and burner Bbelow said chamber, combined with the chimney D, having the jacket d,whereby said chimney is suspended and inclosed, so that heat radiatedfrom the wall of said chimney is saved, as set forth.

7. In a stove for heating or cooking purposes, a chamber, H, at the top,having holes for the reception of cookingutensils, and burners B belowsaid chamber, combined with chimney D and jacket d, whereby said chimneyis suspended from above the burnercone b and disconnected therefrom, asand for the purpose set forth.

8. In a stove for heating or cooking' purposes, a chamber, H, at thetop, having holes for the. reception of cooking utensils, and burner orburners B below said chamber, combined with chimney or chimneys D,suspended from above the burner-cone b and disconnected therefrom, asand for the purpose set forth.

J H. IRWIN.

Witnesses:

R. D. O. SMITH, AUGs. JORDAN.

